quiet interesting info about plants :Premna serratifolia/Flacourtia indica

Here's some information which I found quiet interesting with respect to some plants. The source of information is a book called 'Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant
Sources' by V. V. Sivarajan, Indira Balachandran

I don't have this book, but I was browsing the sample pages at this link:

https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=nQCmj2PO9gAC&hl=en_GB&pg=GBS.PA58 

Flacourtia indica

1. Flacourtia indica is used in preparation of a drug/decoction  called as 'Aghori'. 

There is no mention of this drug in any Ayurvedic texts, but Ayurvedic physicians in Kerala use this decoction as a part of their Ayurvedic medicines.

2. The root and fruit are of medicinal values. The details are given in the attached page.

Premna serratifolia

1. Premna serratifolia is used in preparation of drug called 'Agnimanthah', The drug is named after Premna serratifolia's sanskrit name : अग्निमंथ Agnimatha 

The medicinal benefits of this drug is mentioned in the attached page.

2. From Indian Ayurvedic medicinal point of view , Premna serratifolia is closely related to a plant :  Clerodendrum phlomidis (this is also referred with name 'Agnimantha')

   In ayurvedic texts, There are two types of  Agnimatha  plants described,  Clerodendrum phlomidis is called as 'Laghu(small)- Agnimantha'  and Premna serratifolia as 'Braht(big) Agnimantha. 

Although now these two plants belong to separate families Verbanaceae and Lamiaceae respectively, they were considered close in their properties by our ancient plant/Ayurvedic experts.

Also another interesting fact why the name 'Agnimantha' of the plant Premna serratifolia : is that it is believed that the fire was produced by rubbing the plant's sticks together in the sacrificial ceremonies. 

Ampelocissus latifolia and Cayratia trifolia are also used in a drug called as 'Amlavetasah' by Kerala physicians. But which part of these plants are used is not mentioned in the book..

Tinospora cordifolia : Gulvel 

I always had one question, that the Gulvel is very popular for its medicinal properties. But as there are two species of Gulvel - T. cordifolia and T. sinensis 

and some Ayurvedic books refer to T. cordifolia only for the medicinal values, Then what about T. sinensis , why it is not mentioned? 

So here is important information about it, that is mentioned in the book:

As per ayurvedic texts, these two species are described as 

1. Citta-amrta - Tinospora cordifolia 

2. Kand-amrta - Tinospora sinensis , this species is also called as Padma-Gaduci, Kanda-Gaduci, pee-amrta

T. cordifolia is considered to be more potent and thats why it is preferred more by medicine practitioners. But even T. sinensis is used as a substitute. 

There is another species Tinospora crispa  which is also used in ayurvedic medicine but mostly this is not distributed in Maharashtra and south. 

Ancient Ayurvedic texts had knowledge of entire plant, its properties and the source plant descriptions of medicines/drugs point to the exact plant  through several names of the plant. each name of the plant refers to specific characteristic related to the plant.  e.g. refer to the page attached below for T. cordifolia